The word Jarabe (from Arabic xarab), originally meaning "herb mixture", denotes the combination of various Mexican musics (sones) and dances (zapateados).
Tapatío, the popular demonym of the city of Guadalajara, reflects the origin of this particular jarabe.
The Mexican Hat Dance developed during the Mexican revolution and holding elements from every part of the country (Jalisco, Yucatan, Michoacan, Puebla, Mexico City), performed in typical outfit (china poblana for the girl, charro suit for the boy).
The dance represents the courtship of a man and a woman, with the woman first rejecting the man’s advances, then eventually accepting them.
Halfway through the routine te man throws his sombrero on the floor, his girlfriend picks it up.
The next film was taken by American tourists in Mexico in the late 1920's. It shows performers wearing traditional clothing and performing the Jarabe Tapatio, or Mexican Hat Dance. This dance starts at 20 seconds in the Youtube below.
There is some debate regarding when El Jarabe Tapatío was first compiled. Some attribute it to a professor of music in Guadalajara, Jesús González Rubio (d. 1874 ), who purportedly compiled numerous jarabes, including an arrangement he made of Jarabe Tapatío.
A written reference of the melody is the issuance of a Mexican copyright on July 8, 1919, for Jarabe Tapatio, arranged by Felipe Alonso Partichela, and published by Wagner y Levien, Sucrs., Mexico city.
The original receipt no. 667 for the copyright has been seen at Promotora Hispano Americana de Musica, S.A., Mexico city. No copy of this printing of Jarabe Tapatio has been found, but is believed to be the same as the Partichela arrangement published as Mexican Hat Dance--Popular Jarabe Tapatio in 1933 by Edward B. Marks music Corporation, New York.
One music researcher determined that the earliest known printing of the melody is in sheet music entitled Jarabe Tapatio, arreglo para piano por Antonio Macias C., and published November 2, 1916 by Edmundo C. Arguelles, El Paso, Texas. Front cover is gray and black, m. on pp. 1-3 p.n. 32. LC (copyright copy deposited November 25 1916). The copyright records also state that the arranger, Antonio Macias, is a citizen of Mexico, domiciled in El Paso.
There may be other earlier versions too, for example, another arrangement was written by the Mexican composer Manuel Maria Ponce. Ponce used the "Mexican folk tune" Jarabe tapatio as thematic material in pieces he composed in 1911 called Rapsodia Mexicana I and in 1913 called Rapsodia Mexicana II.
On the bottom of this page is also a very early "Jarabe Tapatio" with a rather different melody.
Although all of these different versions and claims regarding the first publication date of El Jarabe Tapatío may be interesting, pinpointing an actual publication date may not really matter because most musicians consider El Jarabe Tapatío to be traditional Mexican folk music since it is a medley of popular songs such as:
Jarabe de Jalisco – a jarabe from the state of Jalisco
Jarabe del Atole – a well-known traditional jarabe from the late 1800's
Son del Palomo – one of Mexico's most well-known sones
a Jarana Yucateca – a popular dance style from the Yucatán Peninsula
Jarabe Moreliano – a jarabe from the state of Michoacán
La Diana – the final section of most jarabes
Here are some recordings of the song:
(c) Jesús Abrego and Leopoldo Picazo (1905) (as "El Jarabe Tapatío")
This one may not have the rather familiar melody.
(c) Jesús Abrego and Leopoldo Picazo (1908) (as "El Jarabe Tapatío")
This one may also not have the rather familiar melody.
Here below the first recording I found, with the familiar melody:
(c) Banda Cubana Mexicana (1924) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Recorded September 9, 1924 in New York.
Released on Okeh 16144
Also released on Vocalion 8667
Listen here:
(c) Banda Internacional (=Nat Shilkret) (1925) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Recorded Jamuary 27, 1925 in New York
Released on Victor 77926
(o) Banda Columbia (1925) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Released on Columbia 2090-X
Listen here
(c) Vocalion Concert Band (1925) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Recorded June 29, 1925 in New York
Released on Vocalion 15070B
Also on Brunswick 40126 (as by Brunswick Concert Band)
(c) Los Cancioneros del Bajío (1926) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Recorded December 14, 1926 in Mexico City
(c) Orquesta Típica Mexicana "Anahuac" (1926) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Recorded December 15, 1926 in Mexico City
Released on Victor 79174-B
Listen here:
(c) Quinteto Tipico Mexicano (1926) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Recorded December 1926 in New York
Released on Columbia 2570-X
Listen here:
(c) Banda De Policia De Mexico (1928) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Directed by Velino M Preza
Recorded May 1928 in Mexico City
Released on Brunswick 40402
(c) Banda Columbia (1928) (as "Jarabe Tapatio")
Recorded August 1928 in New York.
Matrix W 96708
Released on Columbia 3229-X
Listen here:
The same recording was also released on Vocalion 8881 (as Banda Vocalion)
Listen here:
(c) Orquesta Posadas (1929) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
Listen here:
(c) Orquesta Pajaro Azul 1934 (as "Popular Jarabe Tapatio")
Recorded March 26, 1934 in the Texas Hotel in San Antonia, Texas
Released on Bluebird B-2225
Listen here:
Or here:
(c) Mexican Dance Orchestra (1938) (as "Jarabe Tapatío")
conducted by Manuel S. Acuna
Recorded April 6, 1938 in Los |Angeles
Released on Decca 2167
Listen here:
In 1946 Manuel S. Acuna re-recorded a version for the Imperial label:
(c) Les Brown and his Orchestra (1941) (as "Mexican Hat Dance")
Recorded September 17, 1941
Released on Okeh 6696
Listen here:
Re-released a few years later on Columbia 37349
(c) Xavier Cugat And His Waldorf-Astoria Orchestra (1944)
(as "Jarabe Tapatio (Mexican Hat Dance)")
Recorded April 2, 1942
Released on Columbia 36697
Listen here:
(c) Noël De Selva And His Pan-American Orchestra (1946) (as "Mexican Hat Dance")
Listen here:
(c) Al Sack And His Orchestra (1946) (as "Mexican Hat Dance")
Rereleased on the TOPS label
Listen here
(c) Ricardo Montalban and orchestra (1947) (as "Jarabe Tapatio")
Presented in the film "Fiesta (1947)
In fact this version is a combination of "Jarabe Tapatio" and "La Raspa" (another Mexican traditional)
Watch it here:
(c) Camille Howard (1949) (as "Fiesta In Old Mexico")
Listen here:
(c) Brother Lee Roy and his Band (1954) (as "Mexican Hat Dance (Jarabe Tapatio)")
Released on Epic 9061
In fact this version of "Mexican Hat Dance" is a combination of "Jarabe Tapatio" and
"La Raspa" (another Mexican traditional) as the intro.
(c) The Applejacks (1958) (as "Mexican Hat Rock")
The Applejacks also combine "Jarabe Tapatio" with the "La Raspa"intro.
Listen here
(c) Chubby Checker (1960) (as "Mexican Hat Twist")
In 1960 Chubby Checker only used the "La Raspa" quote for his version of "Mexican Hat Twist"
Listen here:
(c) Manuel and His Music of the Mountains (1962) (as "Mexican Hat Dance")
Listen here:
(c) De Spelbrekers 1963 (as "De Hoedendans) (Mexican Hat Dance)")
Listen here
Mexican Hat Dance was occasionally noodled by the Grateful Dead during tuning and delays.
(c) Grateful Dead (1989)
Live introducing "Feel Like a Stranger"
Listen here:
(c) Brave Combo (1997) (as "Mexican Hat Dance")
Brave Combo's "Mexican Hat Dance" also combines "Jarabe Tapatio" with the "La Raspa" intro.
Listen here:
As I said above some versions of "Mexican Hat Dance combine the "La Raspa" intro with the "Jarabe Tapatio" tune.
The earliest recording of "La Raspa" I found is from 1946:
(o) Orquesta Juan S. Garrido (1946) (as "La Raspa")
Released in 1946 on Peerless 2238
Listen here:
And as I said in the beginning of this post there are also versions of "Jarabe Tapatico" with a rather different melody. Those were mostly versions from before the Mexican revolution.
Already in 1904 Rafael Herrera Robinson sings a different "Jarabe Tapatio"
Released on Edison Gold Moulded Record 18508
Or here:
Rafael also recorded the song for the Columbia label in 1908 (Columbia - C191)
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